Photographic camera.



No. 675,78I. Patented June 4, 1901'. W. D. MACDONALD. PHOTOGBAPHIG CAIERA.

(Application mod Aug. 20, 1900.)

` UNITED STATEs PATENT OFFICE.

VVILLIAM D.` MACDONALD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

,PHOT O G RAPHIC CAM ERA.

` SPEGIFICATIONforming part of Letters Paltent No. 675,'781, dated June 4, 1901.

l Application filed August 20, 1900. Serial No. 27,413. (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. MACDON- ALD, a citizen of the United States, residing at the borough of Manhattan, in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Photographio Cameras,of which the following is a specifieation. i

I-Ieretofore in photographiccameras it'has been usual to supply devices for windingup the sensitive film, which devices were separate and independent of the Shutter mechan ism, so that it was necessary to perform two' operations-the first in making the exposnre and the second inwinding up the film before making a secondexposure -and in ,these devices a double eXposure was quite possible and was only prevented by the studious attention of the photographer.

The object ot' the present invention is to make unnecessary the manual labor of winding np the film and to relieve the photographer of any thought of the necessity of so doing, so that successive instantaneous exposures can be made with rapidity. i

In carrying-out my invention I provide a spring-aotuated device for positively winding up the film on a spool and devices for controlling the ratio of said movement, neans for 'eleasing the devices, and means-for actuating the same for stopping the movement when the exposed portion of the film has been drawn away and a fresh portion brought into position. the controlling nechanisn actuated by the movement of the shutter and at the end ofthe Shutter movement. I also prefer to employ a device brought into operation in starting the film for correctly placing the same in the camera preparatory to the first exposure, all of which devieesare hereinafter more particularly set forth e In the drawings, Figurel is a section-al plan at :6 x, Fig. 2, representing my improvement. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the case and an elevation of the operative devices. Fig. 3 is a plan of the device employed for releasing the movement in its position after the release has been effected, and Fig. 4shows the same parts in theirposition after the windingup mechanism has started. Fig. 5 is a plan and edge View of the Shutter mechanism. Fig. 6 is an elevation and edge view of the same,

I also provide means for releasing/ and Fig. 7 is a plan of a spring-trame in the top of the camera.

The camera-box comprises a top 2, bottom 3, sides 4:, front 5, and back 6, and a represents a fresh spool of filn in place, and b a spool of exposed film, the film passing around the rollers 7 8 at opposite corners adjaeent to the back of the box and between which rollers the film is stretched where the exposnre takes places The' under or lower plate 9 of the movement is Secured to the bottom 3 of the box, and the upper plate 10 is supported by pillars upon the under plate in the usual manner of clock-movement mechanism. p A spring 11 upon a center arbor, in bearings in the plates 9 and 10, is provided. With a; winding-nut 12, (shown by dotted lines at. the bottom of the .bOX,) which is to be oper- `ated by hand to wind up thespring 11; the

said spring being held in position in the usnal manner by a ratchet and spring-actuated pawl 13. On the center arber of the spring 11 is a large toothed wheel 14:,the same meshingwith pinions 15 and 16, the pinion 15 being on'an.

arbor having a fiat' stud 22, adapted to enter a mortise in the end of the spool upon which the exposed film is wound, motion being communicatedto the said spool from' the springl1, toothed wheel 14:, and pinion 15. The pinion 16 is on ashaft 17, having bearings in the under and upper plates 9 10, the said shaft projecting above the upper plate and termi-natingin a fan or blade 18, the rotation of which acts as a governor eoutrolling the movement :of the spring ll, wheel 14, and pinion 15, the

said pinion 16 meshing with the wheel 14.

I provide aspring-frame e of peculiar form. (Shown in perspective elevation in Fig. 2 and by,a plan, Fig. 7.) The respective ends of this frame are provided with pivot-pins 19 and 20, adapted to enter the upperends of the spools of film ab, and I provide on the under plate 9 a pivot-pin 21 for the lower end of the spool of film a, the said spool a being upon the pivots 20 21 and the spool b upon the pivot 19 and the stud 22,the fresh spool a being free to turn and the spool of eXposed film b being positively actuated by the winding-up nechanism.

I provide a shaft d, having disks d' adjacent to the ends of the shaft, and I provide slots 23, one in the frame 10 of the movement IOO and the other inthe pring-f amec, said Slots receiving'the respective reduced ,ends of the shaft d, and spring-arms 24 are em ployed, the form of 'which is shown especially in Eigs. 1 and 2, said spring-arms bearing upon the ends of the shaftd and havinga tendencyto move' the shaft along in the Slots 23 and hold t the peripheries of the disks d' against the outer surface of the spool b of exposed film, V

so that said disks d' and the shaftd rotate as the spool of exposed film is wound up, and" the lower one of said disks d' ,carries adownward-projecting pin 28.

I provide a bent lever e of peculiar form,

(shown especially in Fgs. '3 and 4,) and the same is pivoted at 25 to the upper plate'lO of the movement, and to this lever e is pivoted an auxiliary lever f, provided with a fork at one endand a foot at the other end, and the lev'ere' is provided. with a stop-pin 26, acting to limit the movement of the auxiliary lever f. A'sp'rng 27 is connected to the auxiliary lever adjacentto its forked end, and the other end of the spring is connected to a post sec red to the top plate 10 of the movement.

The shutter comprises a shutter-blade g, having steps 31 and 32, and an auxiliary shutter-blade g overlies the shutter-blade and is pivoted at the same point, the shutter-blade g being perforated and theblade g' beingimperforate and in a normal position covering ;the perforation of the blad'e g. This auxil'- ia'ryblade'g'- is provided with a perforated i l'g 29and an arm 30, which ar n projects from the left-hand lower end of the blade g', as'shown in Fig, 2.

7 I provide a spring-arm h, passing through the 'perforated lug 29 of the blade g' and pivoted. to the front of the box, and a push-red z' con ects with the arm h and extends up ward and. projects through the top 2 of the V a camera-box, terminating with a disk adapted tobe pushed by the finger.

I also provide a plate 34, with a notched edge, (shown in Fg. 6,) and which plate the free end of the armJ is adapted to engage, and a spring-catch 33 is Secured to the front of the box and extendsalong inside of the front and at its free end isprovided with an opening adapted to engage the fork at one end of the auxiliary leverf.

'I prefer to employ a spring-actuated lever 79, (see Fig. 1,) pivoted t'o the upper plate 10 o f`the movement, the short end of said lever being connected to a push-rod 35, eXtending outside of the box and at one side thereof,

Shutter and blade g' move together, bringing the opening in the shutter past the lens, eX-

posing the film, and further moving the shutter g, which is loosely pivoted, to cover the lens. The release of the rod i and arm h causes a return movement to the blade g' in which the blad'e comes against the stop' 32 on the Shutter g, covering the opening therein and simultaneously returning the Shutter to the normalposition. (Shownin Fig.2.) In this movement and directly after the exposure the arm 30'on the shutter-blade g' strikes against the fork at one end of the auxiliary lever f, moving the same against the spring 27 and the foot end of the lever away from the fan 18 and throwing one point of the forl into engagement with the spring-catch 33, the parts then-occupying the position shown in Fig. 3, in which the fan 18 being liberated is rotated by the spring ll and the toothed wheel 14:,"the said spring and toothed wheel simultaneously rotating the pinion 1 5 and the spool of film b in the direction of the arrow and winding up the film on the said spool. The winding-up operation rotates the shaft d and disks d' in contact with spoolof the film b. The rotation of the disks d' carries the pin 28 away from contact with the lever e, allowing the spring 27 to draw back the lever e to the position .shown inFig. 4 and against a stop 36. In drawing back this lever 'the forked end of the auxiliary lever f is drawn out of engagement 'with the spring-catch 33, and the said auxiliary lever assumes its normal position' with reference to the lever e, because' the same is pulled by the spring ,27 against the stop 26 on the lever e. The levers e andf remain in the position shown in Fig..

4: during one rotation of the disks d' and until the pin 28 comes around and again in contact with the lever e and moves the same outward to bring the foot end of the auXiliary lever f into the path of the rotating fan 18. Consequen tl y when the fan strikes the foot of said lever its movement willbe stopped, and with it the rotation of the pinions 16 15 and the toothed wheel 14, aswell as the exposed spool of film b. The disks d' are of a circumference equal to the clear distance between the rollers 7 and-8, representing the eXposed surface of the film. Consequently when the disks d' have made one complete revolution after the-liberation of and before the stoppin g of the' mechanism for winding off the film the exposed portion of the film has been re moved from between the rollers 7 and 8 to a position between roller 7 and the spool b, a

new portion of film has been brought into place and prevously-exposed portionswound upon the exposed spool of film b, and this is IOO IIO

accomplished regardless of the amount ofexposed film wound upon the spool b, because i the shaft d and disks d' yield and are adapted to move with the increased thicknessof the cxposed spool'of film against the action of the spring-arms 24. Consequently onerotation of the disks'd' always insu restle movement of an equal amount of film. It will thus be seen that the operation of releasing the winding mechanism and stopping the same to wind up the exposed portion of the film is automatically accomplished with the action of to its normal position, ready to repeat the operations at short intervals.

The spring 11 is readiiy wound up by the winding-nut 12 and may'be wound repeatedly in ,order that the proper tension be mainiained for quickly winding ofi the eXposed film. The Operations hereinbet'ore described have reference to' the instantaneous operation of the shntter, and it is to be understood that the camera-box is constructed to protect the uncovered portions of the film between the spool a and the roller 8 and between the roller 7 and the spool b by suitable partitions or internal frames forming no part of the present invention and not necessarily shown.

Attention is called to the plate 34, with reference to time exposures, in eifecting which the push-rod i and the spring-arm h are gradually depressed until the free end of the springarm comes into the middle notch of the said rack, at which point the shntter is opened i and may be held open for the desired length of eXposure, after which the push-rod 'is further depressed to complete the movement of the spring-arm and the shntter and release the winding-up mechanism to complete the Operations of the camera.

It is to he understood that the camera-box is separable, so that When a film has been entirely exposed and the same, together with the paper backing which is preferably employed, is wo und cit the spool a onto the spool b the said eXposed spool of film may be removed from the camera, a new spool inserted in place of the spool a, and the frame of the spool a remaining after' unwinding the film and paper is removed from the position shown and placed in the position of the spool 'b preparatory to connecting to it the free end of the paper from a fresh spool in the usual manner of Operating the filnL It will be noticed by reference to Figs. 2 and 7 that the spring-frame c is connected at the center to the top of the camera and that the portions having the pins 19 and 20, forming pivots for the spools a b, may be pressed upwardly by hand either to insert a fresh spool at a and remove the f'ame of the spool or to remove the eXposed spool b and insert the frame of the spool in its place, and I provide, as usual, a small window 37 in the back of the camera, ot' red glass, through which the film-numbers can be progressively seen.

In starting a fresh roll of film it becomes necessary, after connecting the free end of the paper hacking with the spool-frame, to

progressively move along the paper and the film, so as to bring the first number opposite the window 37. In order to accomplish this, I provide a push-rod 35, having one end extending outside ot the camera-box and the other end connected to a lever Ic, pivoted upon the upper plate 10 .of the movement. The push-rod 35 is connected to the short end of the lever 75, and the long arm of said lever is adapted to come into the path of the pin 28 'on the lower disk d', and the said lever 75 is actuated by the spring 38 (shown in Fig. l) to keep the lever in its normal position. This device is shown in Fig. 1 only for clearness. In the operation of the device the push-rod 35 is moved from the outsideand the lever 75 is swung on its pivot, causing the long arm of the lever to move toward and strike the pin 28, turning the disks d' andshaft d backward, the same sliding upon the surface of the spool b. In this backward movement, which is nccessarily slight, the levers e andf are released and pulled back by the spring, releasing the fan 18 and allowing to the winding-up mechanism a slight movement. This is repeated until the first number is brought into View at the Window 37, at which time the film is properly set for the regular Operations of the devices hereinbefore described.

I claim as my invention-- 1. In a photographic-film camera, the combination with a shntter mechanism and a spring-actuated Winding-up mechanism having a controlling-fan, of the levers e andf pivoted together and to the movement-plate, and a spring for moving the levers in one di- IOO rection, a rotary device actuated by the winding up of the spool of exposed film, and means connected therewith for releasing the levers and for again moving the same, substantially as set forth.

2. In a photographic-film camera, the combination with a shntter mechanism and a spring-actuated Winding-up mechanism having a controlling-fan, of a rotary device actuated by the winding up of the spool of eX- posed film and a pin connected therewith, a lever e pivoted to the moVement-piate and having two portions at approximately right angles to one another, and one of which is adapted to be engaged bythe aforesaid pin, a lever f pivoted to the other portion of' the lever e and having one end adapted to hold and release the winding-up mechanism, and a spring for actuating both levers in one direction, substantially as set forth.

3. In a photographic-film camera, the combination with a shntter mechanism, and a spring-actuated winding-up mechanism having a controlling-fan, of a rotary device actuated by the winding up of the spool of eX- posed film and a pin connected therewith, a lever e pivoted to the movement-plate and having two portions at approximately right angles to one another-and one of which is adapted to be engaged by the aforesaid pin,

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IIS I 4.' In a photographic-film camera, the combination with a shutter mechanism and a spring-actnated winding-up mechanism having a controlling-fan, of a shaft d, diskst,

mounted upon said shaft an dagreeing in cir- '2 cumference with the length .of the exposed portion of the film-springs for actuating said shaft and disks to hold the disks in contact with the exposed spooi of film, and. a pin pro- 4 jecting from the lowermost of said disks, a

two-part lever pivot-ed to the frame of the movement and spring-actuated and havinga j portion adapted to come in contact with the pin of said disk, a portion adapted to stop the fan of the movement, and a portion adapted to come in contact With the shntter in its movement, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In a photographic-film camera, the combination with a shutter mechanism, and a i spring-actuated winding-up mechanism having a controlling-fan, of a lever q pivoted to the movement-plate, an auxiliary lever f pivoted to one end of the lever e, a stop on the lever e for the lever f, a spring connected to the lever f and to apin on the movement-plate and adapted to move the levers in one' direclion, and means snbstantially as shown and described and interposed between the lever e and the spool of exposed film for releasing the 'levere and again moving the same, and means connected t'o the shntter for Operating the lever f to release the Winding-up mechanism, snbstantially as set forth.

6. In a photographic-film camera, the combination with a Shutter mechanism and a spring-actuated winding-np mechanism having a controlling-fan, of a lever e pivoted to. the moVement-plate and havingtwo portions at approximately right angles to one another, an auxiliary lever f pivoted to one portion of thelever e and having at one end a fork and at the other end a foot, a stop on the movement-plate for the levere, and a stop on the lever efor the 1everf,a springconnected to the leverfat one end and toa pin on the movementplate at the other end and adapted to move the said levers in one direction, an arm upon the shutter-blade actnated by the movement of the same and adapted to come in contact with the forked end of the leverf to swing the same and move the foot at the other end of said lever out of the path of the fan of the Winding-up mechanism to set the same in motion, a spring-catch engaging the forked end of the auxiliary lever to hold the same as moved bythe Shutter? and a device interposed between the other part of the lever eand the exposed spool of film and rotating withsaid spool of film ,for releasing the said lever and for again returning the sam-e to its normal position, substantiallyas-set forth. I

7. I n a photographic-film camera, the combi nation with a Shutter mechanism, and a spring-act-uated winding-np mechanism hav-.

ing ,a controlling-fan, 'of a lever e pivoted to the movementlato and having two p ortions at approximately right angies to one another,

an anxiliary lever f pivoted to one portion of the lever e and having at one end a fork and v 'in contact with the forked end of the leverf to Swing the 'same and move the foot at the other end of said lever out of the path .of the fan of the winding-np mechanism to set the same in motion, a spring-catch engaging the forked end of the auxiliary lever to hold the same as moved by the shntter, al shaft d, slotted bearings for the shaft at its respective ends, spring-arms for moving the shaft in one direction, disks d' upon said shaft contacting with the exposed spool of film and in circumferenc'e agreeing with the length of each eX- posed portion of the film, and a pin on 'the lowermost disk Contacting with the lever e, t

s ubstantially as and for the purposes set forth.

8. In a photographic-film camera, the combination with a winding-up mechanism for Operating the roll of film, ot' a rotary device actin g in connection with the exposed portion of the film and making one revolution with each exposure, a lever actnated by said device, an auxiliary lever pivoted-to the aforesaid lever and adapted to release the winding-up mechanism, a spring for actuating the said levers, a Shutter g and auxiliary shntterblade g', and means for Operating -the same in opposite directions to give the exposure, and an arm on the shntte'r-blade adapted to come in contact with the aforesaid auxiliary lever to set in motion the winding-up mechanism, substantially as set forth.

9. In a photographic-filn camera, the combination with a spring-actnated winding-up mechanism, of a shaft d, the disks d', springarms for pressing the disks in contact with the exposedspool of film, a' lever Ic springactuated in one direction and a pnsh-rod for -positively moving the lever in the oppo site Witnesses:

. GEO. T. PINCKNEY, S. T. HAVILAND.

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